A new report from the European Environment Agency examines the environmental and strategic implications of Europe’s current protein consumption. While average protein intake in the EU exceeds nutritional requirements, the system relies heavily on animal products, which contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and land use. The current model also depends on imported feed, creating supply chain vulnerabilities. The report suggests a gradual rebalancing of protein sources rather than a complete replacement of livestock farming. By increasing the consumption of plant-based proteins and exploring emerging technologies like fermentation, Europe could reduce its environmental footprint and reliance on imports. This transition aims to improve food system resilience and economic growth while protecting rural livelihoods and ensuring that changes remain socially fair and environmentally sustainable.
From cells to real meat
